When it comes to object-oriented programming, global functions play a crucial role in enhancing code efficiency and maintainability. Global functions, also known as global methods or class-less functions, are functions that are not tied to a specific class or object. Instead, they can be accessed from any part of the program, making them truly 'global'. This allows for greater flexibility and reusability in code, as these functions can be utilized across multiple classes and objects without the need for duplication. Global functions are particularly useful in simplifying complex operations that are not directly related to a specific class. By encapsulating these operations within global functions, developers can achieve cleaner and more modular code, resulting in better overall software design. Another key benefit of global functions is their ability to improve code maintainability. Since global functions are not tied to specific classes, they can be easily updated or modified without affecting the rest of the codebase. This makes it easier for developers to make changes and enhancements to the program, leading to faster iteration and improved software quality. In addition to code efficiency and maintainability, global functions also contribute to better code organization. By grouping related operations into global functions, developers can achieve a more logical and structured codebase, making it easier for themselves and other team members to understand and navigate the code. This can be especially beneficial in large-scale software projects where complexity and scale are significant factors. In conclusion, global functions are a powerful tool in object-oriented programming that contribute to code efficiency, maintainability, and organization. By leveraging global functions, developers can create more modular, reusable, and maintainable code, ultimately leading to better software design and development outcomes.