JavaScript Object Notation, or JSON, is a lightweight data interchange format that has gained popularity in recent years due to its simplicity and ease of use. JSON is based on a subset of the JavaScript programming language, specifically the object literal notation, and is commonly used for transmitting data between a server and a web application. Its key-value pair structure makes it easy for both humans and machines to read and write, making it an ideal format for data interchange. JSON has become the de facto standard for web APIs, and is widely supported by various programming languages and platforms. Its widespread adoption and ease of use have made it an essential part of modern web development. Understanding the background and fundamentals of JSON is crucial for any developer working with data interchange and manipulation in web applications.